LAPAROSCOPY – REVOLUTIONARY SURGICAL PROCEDURE

Laparoscopy simply refers to the surgical procedures that involve inserting a laparoscope (a long, thin tube with a video camera mounted on it) into the body. Though many minimally invasive surgeries use a similar procedure, laparoscopic surgeries are characterized by the use of laparoscopes.

The procedure of Laparoscopy :

Laparoscopic surgeries involve inserting a laparoscope into the patient’s body through a tiny cut. Usually, multiple such cuts are made into the body, each no bigger than half-an-inch. The camera mounted on the tube gives the surgeons a better view of what’s inside on the computer screen.

Indications of laparoscopic surgeries

1. Diagnostic procedures : There are certain cases where laparoscopy is the most viable option. Diagnosing a condition, particularly in the pelvic or abdominal regions, is best done non-invasively and laparoscopy is perfect for it.There are many ways to diagnose conditions non-invasively like ultrasound, CT scan, etc. However, when none of them yield a desirable result, laparoscopy is used.Another scenario where laparoscopy is useful is when the doctor needs to perform biopsy over an internal organ, like the liver or intestines. Since performing a full surgery for a biopsy can be rather unnecessary for the patient, especially if a full surgery needs to be followed immediately, laparoscopy is extremely helpful.
2. Surgical procedures : Laparoscopy is generally used over the internal organs that are not easily accessible by other means, like pancreas, stomach, spleen, pelvic region, uterus or liver. The clearest clinical indications for laparoscopic general surgery include cholecystectomy for gall bladder removal, weight loss procedures knowns as bariatric surgery, myomectomy for uterine fibroids removal, hysterectomy for uterus removal, ovarian cyst removal, hernia repair.
3. Other Indications : Like mentioned earlier, laparoscopy can diagnose certain conditions and determine certain scenarios when other methods of diagnosis fail. These include:
   • A tumor in an internal organ
   • A disease affecting an internal organ
   • Accumulation of fluid inside an organ
   • The stage of a disease or tumor which cannot be usually determined by an MRI or CT scan
   • How effective the existing treatment is working for the patient
   • Aiding in surgery where usual surgical procedures couldn’t be carried out

Post-operative benefits

The recovery time in the immediate post-operative period is quicker. Patients often go home after only 24 hours. The small incisions tend to be less painful and patients often need less postoperative pain medication as a result. Fewer wound infections occur. The cosmetic results are also appealing as the scar is limited to three or four skin incisions that are less than one-half inch long.

Preparing for laparoscopy

Certain steps must be taken before you undergo a laparoscopic procedure:

• The dosage of certain medications might be reduced or stopped, as advised by the best doctor for laparoscopy, before the surgery. These include anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulants, supplements or certain vitamins.
• If you are already pregnant or even suspect pregnancy, you must inform the doctor so that the surgeons could take appropriate care during the surgery.
• Food and drinks must be avoided before the procedure, possibly 8 hours before.
• Certain tests might need to be carried out like ECG, urine analysis and X-ray scan.

A fairly new but revolutionary procedure is the use of robots during laparoscopy. In this type of laparoscopic surgery, the surgical instruments that are usually operated by the surgeons are replaced by robotic arms. The surgeons then operate the robotic arms to perform the surgery.

Many surgeons have found this to be extremely helpful, especially in getting the correct depth perception (which was a problem in usual laparoscopy) by getting three-dimensional images. Many other risks are also eliminated, like giving more working space to the surgeon and being sure of the exact pressure that is being applied.

Benefits of Laparoscopy

• Minimal pain
• Early recovery of the patient
• Scarless
• Short Stay at the hospital
• High Success rate
• Minimal bleeding
• Minimal complications

Laparoscopic surgery is a brilliant evolution in minimally invasive surgeries that get the job done without tearing the patients too much. It greatly reduces the effort on the part of patients, who could recover and return to their normal lives sooner. It also reduces the risks like excess bleeding on the part of surgeons as they have to make smaller incisions. Overall, laparoscopy has been nothing short of a revolutionary surgical procedure.

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